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In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. [1] The midbrain is continuous with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch, and sometimes the diencephalon is included in the brainstem. [2] The brainstem is very small, making up around only 2.6 percent of the brain's total ...
The human midbrain is archipallian in origin, meaning that its general architecture is shared with the most ancient of vertebrates. Dopamine produced in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area plays a role in movement, movement planning, excitation, motivation and habituation of species from humans to the most elementary animals such as ...
Fornix and septal nuclei; Subcortical areas: Septal nuclei; Amygdala; Nucleus accumbens; Diencephalic structures: Hypothalamus; Mammillary bodies; Anterior nuclei of thalamus; Other areas that have been included in the limbic system include the: Stria medullaris; Central gray and dorsal and ventral nuclei of Gudden
The cuneate and gracile nuclei reside at the closed (lower) medulla, so the medial lemniscus is not formed at this level. Fibres from these nuclei will pass to the contralateral side of the brainstem, as the internal arcuate fibres. In the midbrain, it is situated dorsal to the substantia nigra, and medial to either red nucleus. [4]
The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PMPRF) is involved in coordinating horizontal conjugate eye movements and saccades. To do so, besides projecting to the ibsilateral abducens nucleus, the PMPRF projects fibers through the MLF to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus (specifically, those of its motor neurons that innervate the medial rectus muscle).
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sensory nervous ...
Human brain – central organ of the nervous system located in the head of a human being Neuroanatomy; Regions in the human brain: Cerebrum. Cerebral cortex. Frontal lobe; Parietal lobe; Occipital lobe; Temporal lobe; Limbic lobe; Hippocampus; Basal ganglia; Cerebellum; Hypothalamus; Amygdala; Brain stem. Medulla oblongata; Midbrain; Pons ...
Nuclei in the pons include pontine nuclei which work with the cerebellum and transmit information between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex. [9] In the dorsal posterior pons lie nuclei that are involved in the functions of breathing, sleep, and taste. [9] The midbrain, or mesencephalon, is situated above and rostral to the pons.