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Running economy (RE) a complex, multifactorial concept that represents the sum of metabolic, cardiorespiratory, biomechanical and neuromuscular efficiency during running. [1]: 33 [2] [3] Oxygen consumption (VO 2) is the most commonly used method for measuring running economy, as the exchange of gases in the body, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, closely reflects energy metabolism.
The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) is the objective measure of the ratio of the rate at which a person expends energy, relative to the mass of that person, while performing some specific physical activity compared to a reference, currently set by convention at an absolute 3.5 mL of oxygen per kg per minute, which is the energy expended when sitting quietly by a reference individual, chosen ...
The physical activity level is defined for a non-pregnant, non-lactating adult as that person's total energy expenditure (TEE) in a 24-hour period, divided by his or her basal metabolic rate (BMR): [2]
For reference, a normal high-intensity exercise session would typically cause a calorie burn of about 9.2 calories per minute (that's an estimate: these studies are very limited, and more research ...
The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR).. The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake to maintain current body weight.
For an overall efficiency of 20%, one watt of mechanical power is equivalent to 18 kJ/h (4.3 kcal/h). For example, a manufacturer of rowing equipment shows calories released from "burning" food as four times the actual mechanical work, plus 1,300 kJ (300 kcal) per hour, [16] which amounts to about 20% efficiency at 250 watts of mechanical output.
Abbreviations for "kilometres per hour" did not appear in the English language until the late nineteenth century. The kilometre, a unit of length, first appeared in English in 1810, [9] and the compound unit of speed "kilometers per hour" was in use in the US by 1866. [10] "Kilometres per hour" did not begin to be abbreviated in print until ...
VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements , with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins , minerals , trace elements , fatty acids , protein and electrolyte balance .