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In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request (CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure (PKI) in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. The CSR usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued ...
SPKAC (Signed Public Key and Challenge, also known as Netscape SPKI) is a format for sending a certificate signing request (CSR): it encodes a public key, that can be manipulated using OpenSSL. [1] It is created using the little documented HTML keygen element [2] inside a number of Netscape compatible browsers.
A simpler, alternative format to PKCS #12 is PEM which just lists the certificates and possibly private keys as Base 64 strings in a text file. GnuTLS 's certtool may also be used to create PKCS #12 files including certificates, keys, and CA certificates via --to-p12 .
It also allows to export PKCS#12 structures, so the certificates can be imported easily by web and mail clients. The user can establish a set of policies for certificate generation in each one of the existing CAs. gnoMint can import CSRs made by other applications. The certificates can be revoked, with generation of the corresponding CRLs
The Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) is an Internet protocol standardized by the IETF used for obtaining X.509 digital certificates in a public key infrastructure (PKI). CMP is a very feature-rich and flexible protocol, supporting many types of cryptography.
In cryptography, X.509 is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard defining the format of public key certificates. [1] X.509 certificates are used in many Internet protocols, including TLS/SSL, which is the basis for HTTPS, [2] the secure protocol for browsing the web.
Most commercial certificate authority (CA) software uses PKCS #11 to access the CA signing key [clarification needed] or to enroll user certificates. Cross-platform software that needs to use smart cards uses PKCS #11, such as Mozilla Firefox and OpenSSL (using an extension). It is also used to access smart cards and HSMs.
The CRMF format, as used by Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) and CMS, is more flexible here, supporting also keys that are usable for encryption only. Although proof-of-origin of certificate enrollment requests, i.e., authentication of the certificate requester, is the most critical security requirement, for pragmatic reasons its support ...