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The Constitution of Bangladesh [a] is the supreme law of Bangladesh. Adopted by the 'controversial' [1] [2] [3] and virtually "one-party" [4] Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh on 4 November 1972, it came into effect on 16 December 1972. The Constitution establishes Bangladesh as a unitary parliamentary republic.
The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh ratified and confirmed all proclamations, orders, regulations and laws, and amendments, additions, modifications, substitutions and omissions made in the constitution during the period between 15 August 1975 and 9 April 1979 (both days inclusive) by the authorities when the country was under martial law.
The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1972 and became effective on 16 December 1972 one year after Bangladesh's victory in the War of Liberation. [1] [2] As of 2018 the Constitution has been amended 17 times. [3]
Incorporated four original fundamental state policies of the 1972 constitution nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism. Increased number of women reserved seats to 50 from existing 45. After article 7 it inserted articles 7(a) and 7(b) in a bid to end take over of power through extra-constitutional means.
The language of the Supreme Court and High Court is English. However, most magistrates courts and district courts use Bengali. The lack of a uniform language has been a cause of concern, with arguments in favor of both English and Bengali. The country's financial sector depends on English, whereas cultural nationalists prefer Bengali.
Bangladesh has instituted a unique system of transfer of power; at the end of the tenure of the government, power is handed over to members of a civil society for three months, who run the general elections and transfer the power to elected representatives. This system was first practiced in 1991 and adopted to the constitution in 1996. [5]
The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh was the first and, to date, the only constitution-making body of Bangladesh, convened in 1972 by the government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman following the country's independence. [2] It comprised representatives elected in the national and provincial council elections of Pakistan held in 1970.
The fundamental rights of the people of Bangladesh have been namely guaranteed in Part III (Article 26-47) of the constitution of Bangladesh. [1] [2] [3] But the protection of fundamental rights under the Constitution has been inconsistent and that is why, during the period from 2009 to 2023 under the rule of the Awami League-led government, 2,699 people were victims of extrajudicial killings ...