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  2. Andean civilizations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean_civilizations

    The Andean civilizations were South American complex societies of many indigenous people. [1] They stretched down the spine of the Andes for 4,000 km (2,500 mi) from southern Colombia, to Ecuador and Peru, including the deserts of coastal Peru, to north Chile and northwest Argentina. Archaeologists believe that Andean civilizations first ...

  3. Genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the...

    The genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas is divided into two distinct periods: the initial peopling of the Americas from about 20,000 to 14,000 years ago (20–14 kya), and European contact, after about 500 years ago. [1][2] The first period of the genetic history of Indigenous Americans is the determinant factor for the ...

  4. Tehuelche people - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuelche_people

    The Tehuelche people, also called the Aónikenk, are an Indigenous people from eastern Patagonia in South America. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Tehuelche were influenced by Mapuche people, and many adopted a horseriding lifestyle. Once a nomadic people, the lands of the Tehuelche were colonized in the 19th century by Argentina and Chile ...

  5. Patagonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patagonia

    Rioplatense Spanish, Chilean Spanish, Mapudungun, Welsh. Patagonia (Spanish pronunciation: [pataˈɣonja]) is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes Mountains with lakes, fjords, temperate rainforests, and glaciers in the ...

  6. Conquest of the Desert - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Desert

    Map of the advance of the Argentina frontier until the establishment of zanja de Alsina. Forts and fortlets in the Pampas before the Conquest of the Desert. In 1875, Adolfo Alsina, Minister of War for President Nicolás Avellaneda, presented the government with a plan which he later described as having the goal "to populate the desert, and not to destroy the Indians."

  7. Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the...

    The peopling of the Americas began when Paleolithic hunter-gatherers (Paleo-Indians) entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge, which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum (26,000 to 19,000 years ago). [76]

  8. Indian reductions in the Andes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_reductions_in_the_Andes

    Peru in 1574 reached roughly from the Equator to the Tropic of Capricorn. Indian reductions in the Andes (Spanish: reducciones de indios) were settlements in the former Inca Empire created by Spanish authorities and populated by the forcible relocation of indigenous Andean populations, called "Indians" by the Spanish and "Andeans" by some ...

  9. Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_history_of_the...

    In 1992, Denevan suggested that the total population was approximately 53.9 million and the populations by region were, approximately, 3.8 million for the United States and Canada, 17.2 million for Mexico, 5.6 million for Central America, 3 million for the Caribbean, 15.7 million for the Andes and 8.6 million for lowland South America. [13]