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The 'bathtub' refers to the shape of a line that curves up at both ends, similar in shape to a bathtub. The bathtub curve has 3 regions: The first region has a decreasing failure rate due to early failures. The middle region is a constant failure rate due to random failures. The last region is an increasing failure rate due to wear-out failures.
The failure types for integrated circuit (IC) components follow the classic bath tub curve. There is infant mortality, which is decreasing failure rate typically due to manufacturing defects. A low constant failure rate which is random in nature. Wear out failures are increasing failures due to aging semiconductor degradation mechanisms.
An example is the bathtub curve hazard function, which is large for small values of , decreasing to some minimum, and thereafter increasing again; this can model the property of some mechanical systems to either fail soon after operation, or much later, as the system ages.
The bathtub curve hazard function (blue, upper solid line) is a combination of a decreasing hazard of early failure (red dotted line) and an increasing hazard of wear-out failure (yellow dotted line), plus some constant hazard of random failure (green, lower solid line). Schematic deterioration of an asset over time.
Failure rate is the frequency with which an engineered system or component fails, expressed in failures per unit of time. It is usually denoted by the Greek letter λ (lambda) and is often used in reliability engineering. The failure rate of a system usually depends on time, with the rate varying over the life cycle of the system.
Bathtub curve—a concept of typical product failure; Batterygate—a term used to describe the implementation of performance controls on older models of Apple's iPhone line in order to preserve system stability on degraded batteries; Crippleware; Criticism of capitalism; Defective by Design; Design life – Time the creator plans a product to last
Shorted failures and leakage due to increase of parallel parasitic resistance are the most common failure modes of capacitors, followed by open failures. [citation needed] Some examples of capacitor failures include: Dielectric breakdown due to overvoltage or aging of the dielectric, occurring when breakdown voltage falls below operating ...
A simple example is automotive tires - failure to plan for this wear out item would limit automotive service life to the extent of a single set of tires. An individual tire's life follows the bathtub curve, to boot. After installation, there is a not-small probability of failure which may be related to material or workmanship or even to the ...