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Test coverage refers to the percentage of software requirements that are tested by black-box testing for a system or application. [7] This is in contrast with code coverage , which examines the inner workings of a program and measures the degree to which the source code of a program is executed when a test suite is run. [ 8 ]
Orthogonal array testing is a systematic and statistically-driven black-box testing technique employed in the field of software testing. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This method is particularly valuable in scenarios where the number of inputs to a system is substantial enough to make exhaustive testing impractical.
The term "black box" is used because the actual program being executed is not examined. In computing in general, a black box program is one where the user cannot see the inner workings (perhaps because it is a closed source program) or one which has no side effects and the function of which need not be examined, a routine suitable for re-use.
Codenomicon Defensics [24] is a black-box test automation framework that does fault injection to more than 150 different interfaces including network protocols, API interfaces, files, and XML structures. The commercial product was launched in 2001, after five years of research at University of Oulu in the area of software fault injection.
Software testing can often be divided into white-box and black-box. These two approaches are used to describe the point of view that the tester takes when designing test cases. A hybrid approach called grey-box that includes aspects of both boxes may also be applied to software testing methodology. [31] [32]
Pros and Cons of black box testing include: Test case generation in black box testing is fairly simple. Their generation is completely independent of software development and can be done in an early stage of development. As a consequence, the programmer has better knowledge of how to design the database application and uses less time for debugging.
Exploratory testing is an approach to software testing that is concisely described as simultaneous learning, test design and test execution. Cem Kaner, who coined the term in 1984, [1] defines exploratory testing as "a style of software testing that emphasizes the personal freedom and responsibility of the individual tester to continually optimize the quality of his/her work by treating test ...
To find test cases that can cover an appropriate, but finite, number of paths, test criteria are needed to guide the selection. This technique was first proposed by Offutt and Abdurazik in the paper that started model-based testing. [3] Multiple techniques for test case generation have been developed and are surveyed by Rushby. [4]