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[9] [10] In addition to the α 1A-adrenergic receptor, nicergoline is an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor (IC 50 = 6 nM) and shows moderate affinity for serotonin 5-HT 2 and α 2-adrenergic receptors and low affinity for the dopamine D 1 and D 2 and muscarinic acetylcholine M 1 and M 2 receptors. [2]
Amfonelic acid has been shown to be neuroprotective against methamphetamine damage to dopamine neurons. [10] It also increases the effects of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol, trifluoperazine and spiperone. [11] Rats are shown to self-administer amfonelic acid in a dose-dependent manner. [12]
The term dosage form may also sometimes refer only to the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug product's constituent substances, without considering its final configuration as a consumable product (e.g., capsule, patch, etc.). Due to the somewhat ambiguous nature and overlap of these terms within the pharmaceutical industry, caution is ...
Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage).
“Pegasus 2” earned $4.6 million of its takings on the company’s giant screens, while “YOLO” earned $3.6 million in Imax venues. “Boonie Bears: Time Twist” and “Article 20” shared ...
Tablets may become unstable and the drug may degrade. High barrier packaging (including seals) is necessary but, by itself, is often not enough. Shelf life of a moisture-sensitive drug can be extended by means of desiccants. [11] Several types of dessicants are available; the type and quantity need to be matched to the particular drug and package.
A combination drug or a fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a medicine that includes two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. [1] Terms like "combination drug" or "combination drug product" can be common shorthand for an FDC product (since most combination drug products are currently FDCs), although the latter is more precise if in fact referring to a mass-produced product ...
Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. [1] At extremely low doses, biological responses are absent for some of the drugs. The increase in dose above threshold dose induces an increase in the percentage of biological responses. [ 2 ]