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Cardiovascular disease in women is an integral area of research in the ongoing studies of women's health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term for a wide range of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, including but not limited to, coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarctions, and aortic aneurysms.
Death rate from obesity, 2019. Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic physical and mental illnesses.. The health effects of being overweight but not obese are controversial, with some studies showing that the mortality rate for individuals who are classified as overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9) may actually be lower than for those with an ideal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9). [1]
Share of adults that are obese, 1975 to 2016. Obesity is common in the United States and is a major health issue associated with numerous diseases, specifically an increased risk of certain types of cancer, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular disease, as well as significant increases in early mortality and economic costs.
Obesity has been observed throughout human history. Many early depictions of the human form in art and sculpture appear obese. [2] However, it was not until the 20th century that obesity became common — so much so that, in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic [3] and estimated that the worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled ...
In the example of the obesity-cardiovascular disease relationship, the obesity is the collider, the outcome is cardiovascular disease, and the unmeasured variables are environmental and genetic factors – given that obesity and cardiovascular disorders are often associated with each other, medical professionals may be reluctant to consider ...
Men are at greater risk of heart disease than pre-menopausal women. [30] [36] Once past menopause, it has been argued that a woman's risk is similar to a man's [36] although more recent data from the WHO and UN disputes this. [30] If a female has diabetes, she is more likely to develop heart disease than a male with diabetes. [37]
In 2022, over 1 billion people lived with obesity worldwide (879 million adults and 159 million children), representing more than a double of adult cases (and four times higher than cases among children) registered in 1990. [7] [19] Obesity is more common in women than in men. [1] Today, obesity is stigmatized in most of the world. Conversely ...
It has been hypothesized that the sex differences in fat distribution may explain the sex difference in coronary heart disease risk. [102] Even with the differences, at any given level of central obesity measured as waist circumference or waist to hip ratio, coronary artery disease rates are identical in men and women. [103]