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The gauss (symbol: G, sometimes Gs) is a unit of measurement of magnetic induction, also known as magnetic flux density. The unit is part of the Gaussian system of units, which inherited it from the older centimetre–gram–second electromagnetic units (CGS-EMU) system.
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Least-squares adjustment is a model for the solution of an overdetermined system of equations based on the principle of least squares of observation residuals. It is used extensively in the disciplines of surveying , geodesy , and photogrammetry —the field of geomatics , collectively.
In statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) is a type of linear least squares method for choosing the unknown parameters in a linear regression model (with fixed level-one [clarification needed] effects of a linear function of a set of explanatory variables) by the principle of least squares: minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed dependent variable (values ...
In the CGS system, the unit of the H-field is the oersted and the unit of the B-field is the gauss.In the SI system, the unit ampere per meter (A/m), which is equivalent to newton per weber, is used for the H-field and the unit of tesla is used for the B-field.
Developed in 1969 [4] and 1971, [5] LSSA is also known as the Vaníček method and the Gauss-Vaniček method after Petr Vaníček, [6] [7] and as the Lomb method [3] or the Lomb–Scargle periodogram, [2] [8] based on the simplifications first by Nicholas R. Lomb [9] and then by Jeffrey D. Scargle.
The covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism refers to ways of writing the laws of classical electromagnetism (in particular, Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force) in a form that is manifestly invariant under Lorentz transformations, in the formalism of special relativity using rectilinear inertial coordinate systems.
In mathematics, Gaussian measure is a Borel measure on finite-dimensional Euclidean space, closely related to the normal distribution in statistics. There is also a generalization to infinite-dimensional spaces. Gaussian measures are named after the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.