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Global aphasia is a severe form of nonfluent aphasia, caused by damage to the left side of the brain, that affects [1] receptive and expressive language skills (needed for both written and oral language) as well as auditory and visual comprehension. [2]
Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS), also called infantile acquired aphasia, acquired epileptic aphasia, [1] or aphasia with convulsive disorder, is a rare neurological syndrome that develops during childhood. [2] It is named after William Landau and Frank Kleffner, who characterized it in 1957 with a diagnosis of six children. [3] [4]
This is a mild form of aphasia as comprehension is not limited. Global aphasia [21] [22] is the most severe form of aphasia as there is difficulty with speech comprehension, as well as difficulty in responding in meaningful ways. This is caused by several brain injuries in more than one spot.
Aphasia, also known as dysphasia, [a] is an impairment in a person’s ability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in developed countries. [3]
[3] [7] Expressive aphasia differs from dysarthria, which is typified by a patient's inability to properly move the muscles of the tongue and mouth to produce speech. Expressive aphasia also differs from apraxia of speech, which is a motor disorder characterized by an inability to create and sequence motor plans for conscious speech. [8]
Specific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed when a child's language does not develop normally and the difficulties cannot be accounted for by generally slow development, physical abnormality of the speech apparatus, autism spectrum disorder, apraxia, acquired brain damage or hearing loss.
For example, a photo of a child's room may be included in the child's AAC system. Objects and events within the photograph are then used as symbols for communication. [64] Research suggests that visual scene displays are easier than grid displays for young children or those with cognitive impairments to learn and use. [52] [67]
In order to capitalize on neuroplasticity for treatment of all types of aphasia, timing, intensity, duration, and repetition of treatment should be taken into consideration. Research has found that aphasia treatment initiated during the earlier acute post-injury phase is more effective compared to treatment initiated in the chronic phase. [21]