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On the Sphere and Cylinder (Greek: Περὶ σφαίρας καὶ κυλίνδρου) is a treatise that was published by Archimedes in two volumes c. 225 BCE. [1] It most notably details how to find the surface area of a sphere and the volume of the contained ball and the analogous values for a cylinder , and was the first to do so.
For example, the diagram to the right shows the intersection of a sphere and a cylinder, which consists of two circles. If the cylinder radius were that of the sphere, the intersection would be a single circle. If the cylinder radius were larger than that of the sphere, the intersection would be empty.
Viviani's curve as intersection of a sphere and a cylinder. In the case = +, the cylinder and sphere are tangential to each other at point (,,). The intersection resembles a figure eight: it is a closed curve which intersects itself. The above parametrization becomes
The flat tori in the unit 3-sphere S 3 that are the product of circles of radius r in one 2-plane R 2 and radius √ 1 − r 2 in another 2-plane R 2 are sometimes also called "Clifford tori". The same circles may be thought of as having radii that are cos θ and sin θ for some angle θ in the range 0 ≤ θ ≤ π / 2 (where we ...
Viviani's curve: intersection of a sphere with a tangent cylinder. The light blue part of the half sphere can be squared. In mathematics, Viviani's curve, also known as Viviani's window, is a figure eight shaped space curve named after the Italian mathematician Vincenzo Viviani.
Lines, L. (1965), Solid geometry: With Chapters on Space-lattices, Sphere-packs and Crystals, Dover. Reprint of 1935 edition. A problem on page 101 describes the shape formed by a sphere with a cylinder removed as a "napkin ring" and asks for a proof that the volume is the same as that of a sphere with diameter equal to the length of the hole.
A solid figure is the region of 3D space bounded by a two-dimensional closed surface; for example, a solid ball consists of a sphere and its interior. Solid geometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solids, including pyramids , prisms (and other polyhedrons ), cubes , cylinders , cones (and truncated cones ).
The sum of the angles of a spherical triangle is not equal to 180°. A sphere is a curved surface, but locally the laws of the flat (planar) Euclidean geometry are good approximations. In a small triangle on the face of the earth, the sum of the angles is only slightly more than 180 degrees. A sphere with a spherical triangle on it.