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A phalera was a sculpted disk, usually made of gold, silver, bronze or glass, and worn on the breastplate during parades by Roman soldiers who had been awarded it as a kind of medal. [1] Roman military units could also be awarded phalerae for distinguished conduct in action. These awards were often mounted on the staffs of the unit's standards.
Triumph – a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly honour the military commander of a notably successful foreign war or campaign and to display the glories of Roman victory. Ovation – a less-honored form of the Roman triumph. Ovations were granted when war was not declared between enemies on the level of states ...
The spolia opima (Latin for 'rich spoils') were the armour, arms, and other effects that an ancient Roman general stripped from the body of an opposing commander slain in single combat. The spolia opima were regarded as the most honourable of the several types of war trophies a commander could obtain, including enemy military standards and the ...
[4] [2] [5] They were between 1–2.5 mm (0.039–0.098 in) in thickness. [5] In order to prevent the wearer from being cut by their own armour, the design featured outward turned edges that also increased stiffness. [5] In some cases, further strength was added by a ridge running down through the centre of the plate. [5]
Ancient Times, Roman. - 017 - Costumes of All Nations (1882). The legions of the Roman Republic and Empire had a fairly standardised dress and armour, particularly from approximately the early to mid 1st century onward, when Lorica Segmentata (segmented armour) was introduced. [ 1 ]
These suggest that manicae were used by the Roman military during the 1st century CE, independent from the Dacian wars, where the traditional interpretation was that the manica was introduced to protect soldiers from falxes. [15] The relief at Alba Julia provides evidence of the manica in use in the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE by the military. [8]
The entire Roman army was destroyed at the Battle of the Allia in a crushing defeat that prompted reforms by Marcus Furius Camillus. [4] Under the new system , men were sorted into classes based on wealth; the hastati were the third poorest, with the rorarii being slightly poorer and the principes slightly wealthier. [ 5 ]
Roman ornament with an aquila (100–200 AD) from the Cleveland Museum of Art A modern reconstruction of an aquila. An aquila (Classical Latin: [ˈakᶣɪla]; lit. ' eagle ') was a prominent symbol used in ancient Rome, especially as the standard of a Roman legion. A legionary known as an aquilifer, the "eagle-bearer", carried this standard.