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Biguanide (/ b aɪ ˈ ɡ w ɒ n aɪ d /) is the organic compound with the formula HN(C(NH)NH 2) 2. It is a colorless solid that dissolves in water to give a highly basic solution. These solutions slowly hydrolyse to ammonia and urea. [2]
Phenylbiguanide (PBG) is a 5-HT3 agonist used to study the role of 5-HT3 receptors in the central nervous system. [1] It has been found to trigger dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats. [ 2 ]
PHMB is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products. It is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors. The PHMB hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Givinostat was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2024. [2] [5] Givinostat is the first nonsteroidal medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat people with all genetic variants of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. [2] The FDA considers it to be a first-in-class medication. [6]
meta-Chlorophenylbiguanide (1-(3-Chlorophenylbiguanide, m-CPBG) is an allosteric agonist and modulator of the 5-HT 3 receptor [1] [2] [3] and an antagonist of the α 2A-adrenergic receptor. [4] It has anxiogenic , emetic and hypothermic effects in animal studies.
The effective dosage guideline for an antipsychotic is very closely related to its receptor residency time (i.e., where drugs like aripiprazole take several minutes or more to disassociate from a receptor while drugs like quetiapine and clozapine—with guideline dosages in the hundreds of milligrams—take under 30s) [25] [26] [27] and long ...
Rilmazafone [1] (リスミー, Rhythmy, previously known as 450191-S) is a water-soluble prodrug developed in Japan. [2] Inside the human body, rilmazafone is converted into several benzodiazepine metabolites that have sedative and hypnotic effects.
Fluphenazine, sold under the brand name Prolixin among others, is a high-potency typical antipsychotic medication. [2] It is used in the treatment of chronic psychoses such as schizophrenia, [2] [3] and appears to be about equal in effectiveness to low-potency antipsychotics like chlorpromazine. [4]