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1 kilogram (kg) = 1,000 grams (g) = 2.20462262 lb 1 lb = 453.59237 g = 0.45359237 kg 1 oz = 28.3495231 g. In four different English-language countries of recipe and measuring-utensil markets, approximate cup volumes range from 236.59 to 284.1 milliliters (mL). Adaptation of volumetric recipes can be made with density approximations:
In Europe, older recipes frequently refer to "pounds" (e.g. Pfund in German, pond in Dutch, livre in French). In each case, the unit refers to 500 g, about 10% more than an avoirdupois pound (454 g). In each case, the unit refers to 500 g, about 10% more than an avoirdupois pound (454 g).
The weights are in denominations of 7 pounds (corresponding to a unit known as the clip or wool-clip), 14 pounds (stone), 56 pounds (4 stone) and 91 pounds (1 ⁄ 4 sack or woolsack). [ 18 ] [ 19 ] The 91-pound weight is thought to have been commissioned by Edward III in conjunction with the statute of 1350, while the other weights are thought ...
A weaker flour, such as a cake or pastry flour with a much lower gluten content would have a much steeper decline after peak time. The points of interest on the graph are fivefold: Arrival Time (Absorption) – Absorption is the point chosen by the baking industry which represents a target water to flour ratio in bread.
Shortcrust pastry recipes usually call for twice as much flour as fat by weight. Fat (as lard, shortening, butter or traditional margarine) is rubbed into plain flour to create a loose mixture that is then bound using a small amount of ice water, rolled out, then shaped and placed to create the top or bottom of a pie. Often, equal amounts of ...
Ratio Metric value Avoirdupois value Ordinary value gran: гран: grain 1 62.210 mg 0.96004 gr 1.4 dolya: scrupul: скрупул: scruple 20 1.2442 g 19.201 gr 28 dolya: drahma: драхма: dram 60 3.7326 g 57.602 gr 7 ⁄ 8 zolotnik: unciya: унция: ounce 480 29.861 g 1.0533 oz or 460.82 gr 7 zolotnik: funt: фунт: pound 5760 358. ...
Roasted gram flour is commonly added to season Burmese salads, and is the principal ingredient of Burmese tofu. [6] Roasted gram flour is also used to thicken several noodle soup dishes, including mohinga and ohn no khao swè. [7] [6] Gram flour is also used to make jidou liangfen, a Yunnanese dish similar to Burmese tofu salad.
One significant decision the baker must make when designing such a formula, or adapting a direct or straight-dough [10] formula or recipe, is to decide the sponge-to-dough flour ratio. [ 1 ] [ 11 ] While the relative amounts of ingredients used may vary, the method remains the same.