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  2. Shall and will - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shall_and_will

    Thus shall is used with the meaning of obligation, and will with the meaning of desire or intention. An illustration of the supposed contrast between shall and will (when the prescriptive rule is adhered to) appeared in the 19th century, [11] and has been repeated in the 20th century [12] and in the 21st: [13] I shall drown; no one will save me!

  3. Offer and acceptance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offer_and_acceptance

    Common law contracts are accepted under a "mirror image" rule. [29] Under this rule, an acceptance must be an absolute and unqualified acceptance of all the terms of the offer. If there is any variation, even on an unimportant point, between the offer and the terms of its acceptance, there is no contract.

  4. Firm offer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firm_offer

    A firm offer is an offer that will remain open for a certain period or until a certain time or occurrence of a certain event, during which it is incapable of being revoked. [1] As a general rule, all offers are revocable at any time prior to acceptance, even those offers that purport to be irrevocable on their face.

  5. Privity of contract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privity_of_contract

    Land Law (restrictive covenants on land are imposed upon subsequent purchasers if the covenant benefits neighbouring land) Agency and the assignment of contractual rights are permitted. Third-party insurance - A third party may claim under an insurance policy made for their benefit, even though that party did not pay the premiums.

  6. Intention to create legal relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intention_to_create_legal...

    The law is now contained in the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 s.179: "Any collective agreement made after the commencement of this section shall be conclusively presumed not to have been intended by the parties to be a legally enforceable contract, unless the agreement:

  7. Contra proferentem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contra_proferentem

    Contra proferentem (Latin: "against [the] offeror"), [1] also known as "interpretation against the draftsman", is a doctrine of contractual interpretation providing that, where a promise, agreement or term is ambiguous, the preferred meaning should be the one that works against the interests of the party who provided the wording.

  8. English contract law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_contract_law

    English contract law is the body of law that regulates legally binding agreements in England and Wales.With its roots in the lex mercatoria and the activism of the judiciary during the Industrial Revolution, it shares a heritage with countries across the Commonwealth (such as Australia, Canada, India [1]), from membership in the European Union, continuing membership in Unidroit, and to a ...

  9. Plain meaning rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_meaning_rule

    The plain meaning rule, also known as the literal rule, is one of three rules of statutory construction traditionally applied by English courts. [1] The other two are the "mischief rule" and the "golden rule". The plain meaning rule dictates that statutes are to be interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the language of the statute.