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A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower. ... The Greeks invented the two main components of watermills, ... In recent years, ...
Watermill lists which summarize the rapidly developing state of research are provided by Wikander 1985 and Brun 2006, with additions by Wilson 1995 and 2002. Spain 2008 undertakes a technical analysis of around thirty known ancient mill sites.
The watermill, as the first machine harnessing natural forces (apart from the sail) and as such holding a special place in the history of technology, [1] was invented by Greek engineers sometime between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC.
Vertical axis water mill A horizontal wheel with a vertical axle. Commonly called a tub wheel , Norse mill or Greek mill , [ 10 ] [ 11 ] the horizontal wheel is a primitive and inefficient form of the modern turbine.
Tide mills, along with riverine ship mills, were a major early medieval technological advance, allowing to tap the tidal power along the Atlantic Coast for milling.. This list of early medieval watermills comprises a selection of European watermills spanning the early Middle Ages, from 500 to 1000 AD.
Boykin Mill, Boykin, an operating grist mill where meal and grits have been ground by water power for over 150 years. Suber's Corn Mill, Greer, built in 1908 by Walter Hillary Suber. It was constructed on 100 acres (0.40 km 2) that was passed down from his father, James Ashfield Suber, who was a Civil War veteran. This was one of five mills ...
The watermill is evidenced by a raised relief on the sarcophagus of a certain Marcus Aurelius Ammianos, a local miller. On the pediment a waterwheel fed by a mill race is shown powering via a gear train two frame saws cutting rectangular blocks by the way of connecting rods and, through mechanical necessity, cranks (see diagram).
For 1000 years, the primitive mechanism which underlies the medieval mill remains the same: a water wheel linked to another wheel controls the rotational movement of the vertical shaft that drives the grinding system. This is the first machine invented by man, and the mill for making flour is the oldest type.