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The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). [5] Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool , a change in bowel movements , weight loss, abdominal pain and fatigue. [ 9 ]
Brion Gysin (1916–1986; aged 70), British-Canadian writer and painter, was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 1974 and underwent a colostomy; died from lung cancer in 1986. Carmen Marc Valvo (born 1963), American fashion designer. [10] Chadwick Boseman (1976–2020; aged 43), American actor (Black Panther); died 3–4 years after diagnosis. [11]
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a hereditary predisposition to colon cancer.. HNPCC includes (and was once synonymous with) [1] Lynch syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is associated with a high risk of colon cancer, endometrial cancer (second most common), ovary, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, upper urinary tract, brain, and skin. [2]
The field defect adjacent to a colon cancer consists of the inner surface of the colon (the epithelium) that has about 1 million crypts (indentations in the surface of the epithelium). [21] Each crypt has about 5,000 cells in the shape of a test-tube and all 5,000 cells of the crypt are generated from the few stem cells at the base of the crypt.
A stapler is typically used to cut across the colon to prevent spillage of intestinal contents into the peritoneal cavity. [10] Colectomy as treatment for colorectal cancer also includes lymphadenectomy, or removal of surrounding lymph nodes, which may be done for staging of the cancer or removal of cancerous nodes. [11]
The most common form of colon cancer is adenocarcinoma, constituting between 95% [2] and 98% [3] of all cases of colorectal cancer. Other, rarer types include lymphoma, adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma. Some subtypes have been found to be more aggressive. [4]
The colorectal adenoma is a benign glandular tumor of the colon and the rectum. It is a precursor lesion of the colorectal adenocarcinoma ( colon cancer ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They often manifest as colorectal polyps .