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Major process theories are expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, self-determination theory, and reinforcement theory. [123] Another way to classify theories of motivation focuses on the role of inborn physiological processes in contrast to cognitive processes and distinguishes between biological, psychological, and ...
Goal theory is the label used in educational psychology to discuss research into motivation to learn. Goals of learning are thought to be a key factor influencing the level of a student's intrinsic motivation .
The ARCS Model of Motivational Design was created by John Keller while he was researching ways to supplement the learning process with motivation. The model is based on Tolman's and Lewin's expectancy-value theory, which presumes that people are motivated to learn if there is value in the knowledge presented (i.e. it fulfills personal needs ...
Expectancy–value theory has been developed in many different fields including education, health, communications, marketing and economics. Although the model differs in its meaning and implications for each field, the general idea is that there are expectations as well as values or beliefs that affect subsequent behavior.
Drive reduction theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, is a major theory of motivation in the behaviorist learning theory tradition. [1] "Drive" is defined as motivation that arises due to a psychological or physiological need. [2] It works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual to sate the drive. [3]
It should only contain pages that are Motivational theories or lists of Motivational theories, as well as subcategories containing those things (themselves set categories). Topics about Motivational theories in general should be placed in relevant topic categories .
Other informal learning theories look at the sources of motivation for learning. Intrinsic motivation may create a more self-regulated learner, [66] yet schools undermine intrinsic motivation. Critics argue that the average student learning in isolation performs significantly less well than those learning with collaboration and mediation. [67]
Various motivational theories play a role in the psychology of learning. John William Atkinson 's motivation theory argues that people are motivated to achieve their best. This motivation is in part moderated by two different sources: the desire to succeed as well as the fear of failure. [ 2 ]