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  2. Negative space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_space

    The use of negative space is a key element of artistic composition. The Japanese word "ma" is sometimes used for this concept, for example in garden design. [2] [3] [4] In a composition, the positive space has the more visual weight while the surrounding space - that is less visually important is seen as the negative space.

  3. Positive illusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_illusions

    Although more academic attention has focused on positive illusions, there are systematic negative illusions that are revealed under slightly different circumstances. [1] For example, while college students rate themselves as more likely than average to live to 70, they believe they are less likely than average to live to 100.

  4. Figure–ground (perception) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure–ground_(perception)

    The Rubin vase illusion, where it is ambiguous which part is the figure and which the ground Shapes which can be read as a word once the viewer recognises them as being the isolated negative spaces of a word. Figure–ground organization is a type of perceptual grouping that is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision.

  5. Phi phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_phenomenon

    Reverse phi illusion is the kind of phi phenomenon that fades or dissolves from its positive direction to the displaced negative, so that the apparent motion human perceive is opposite to the actual physical displacement. Reverse phi illusion is often followed by black and white patterns.

  6. Composition (visual arts) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)

    This element is found in each of the visual arts. It can be positive or negative, open or closed, shallow or deep, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional. In drawing or painting, space is not actually there, but the illusion of it is. Positive space is the subject of the piece. The empty spaces around, above, and within, is negative space. [8 ...

  7. Rubin vase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin_vase

    A version of Rubin's vase. The Rubin vase (sometimes known as Rubin's vase, the Rubin face or the figure–ground vase) is a famous example of ambiguous or bi-stable (i.e., reversing) two-dimensional forms developed around 1915 by the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin.

  8. List of optical illusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optical_illusions

    The Hering illusion (1861): When two straight and parallel lines are presented in front of radial background (like the spokes of a bicycle), the lines appear as if they were bowed outwards. Hollow-Face illusion: The Hollow-Face illusion is an optical illusion in which the perception of a concave mask of a face appears as a normal convex face.

  9. Afterimage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage

    The cause of positive afterimages is not well known, but possibly reflects persisting activity in the brain when the retinal photoreceptor cells continue to send neural impulses to the occipital lobe. [5] A stimulus which elicits a positive image will usually trigger a negative afterimage quickly via the adaptation process.