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Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass. It can be caused by immobility, aging, malnutrition, medications, or a wide range of injuries or diseases that impact the musculoskeletal or nervous system. Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness and causes disability.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes progressive muscle weakness due to muscle fiber disarray, death, and replacement with connective tissue or fat. [3] The voluntary muscles are affected first, especially those of the hips, pelvic area, thighs, calves. [3] [2] [12] It eventually progresses to the shoulders and neck, followed by arms, respiratory ...
The muscle protein, dystrophin, is in most muscle cells and works to strengthen the muscle fibers and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax. [3] It links the muscle membrane to the thin muscular filaments within the cell. Dystrophin is an integral part of the muscular structure.
[3] [4] There may be tea-colored urine or an irregular heartbeat. [3] [5] Some of the muscle breakdown products, such as the protein myoglobin, are harmful to the kidneys and can cause acute kidney injury. [7] [3] The muscle damage is most usually caused by a crush injury, strenuous exercise, medications, or a substance use disorder. [3]
It is distinct from cachexia, in which muscle is degraded through cytokine-mediated degradation, although the two conditions may co-exist. Sarcopenia is considered a component of frailty syndrome. [2] Sarcopenia can lead to reduced quality of life, falls, fracture, and disability. [3] [4] Sarcopenia is a factor in changing body composition ...
Muscle weakness is a lack of muscle strength. Its causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have either true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy.
Neurological causes include radiculopathy, poliomyelitis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, spinal muscular atrophy. [2] In pseudohypertrophy where the atrophied muscle tissue has been infiltrated by fat tissue, upon palpitation the seemingly large muscles feel doughy. [3] Not all muscles infiltrated by fat or other tissue are pseudohypertrophic.
The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. It occurs in neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis. [citation needed]