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Canon law (from Ancient Greek: κανών, kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
The canon law of the Catholic Church is articulated in the legal code for the Latin Church [9] as well as a code for the Eastern Catholic Churches. [9] This canon law has principles of legal interpretation, [10] and coercive penalties. [11] It lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions.
The earliest Oriental canon law collections were called nomocanons, which were collections of both canon and civil law. In the early twentieth century, when Eastern Churches began to come back to full communion with the Holy See , Pope Benedict XV created the Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Church in order to preserve the rights and ...
On 14 May 1904, Pope Pius X created the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law. It produced the 1917 Code of Canon Law, promulgated by Pope Benedict XV on 27 May 1917 to take effect on 19 May 1918. [3] Pope Benedict then established the Pontifical Commission for Authentic Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law on 5 September 1917. [4]
1983 Code of Canon Law – 1983 codification of canonical legislation for the Latin Catholic Church Omnium in mentem – 2009 motu proprio of Pope Benedict XVI; Magnum principium – 2017 apostolic letter by Pope Francis; Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches – Eastern Catholic code of canon law
The 1917 Code of Canon Law has been described as "the greatest revolution in canon law since the time of Gratian" [3] (1150s AD). The 1917 Code of Canon Law was composed of laws called canons, of which there were 2,414. [4] It remained in force until the 1983 Code of Canon Law took legal effect and abrogated it [1] on 27 November 1983. [5]
The 1917 Code was later replaced by the 1983 Code of Canon Law, the codification of canon law currently in effect for the Latin Church. The Corpus Juris Canonici was used in canonical courts of the Catholic Church such as those in each diocese and in the courts of appeal at the Roman Curia such as the Roman Rota .
For example, discovery in common law jurisdictions came about in part because of the influence of canon law on courts of equity. [11] Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes of civil law, such as the law in continental Europe and Latin American countries.