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The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana [ˈreːs ˈpuːblɪka roːˈmaːna]) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
The constitution of the Roman Republic was a set of uncodified norms and customs which, [1] together with various written laws, [2] guided the procedural governance of the Roman Republic. The constitution emerged from that of the Roman kingdom , evolved substantively and significantly – almost to the point of unrecognisability [ 3 ] – over ...
In reality, however, Rome remained an oligarchy, since the critical laws were still enacted by the Roman Senate. [44] In effect, democracy was satisfied with the possession of power, but did not care to actually use it [clarification needed]. The Senate was supreme during this era because the era was dominated by foreign policy. [45]
A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution, organization, or state, in which members have a share of power. [2] Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities of their citizens that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government: to intervene in society and have their sovereign (e.g., their representatives) held ...
With Rome's great military victories, vast numbers of slaves were imported into Italy. [28] Significant mineral wealth was distributed unevenly to the population; the city of Rome itself expanded considerably in opulence and size; the freeing of slaves brought to Italy by conquest massively expanded the number of urban and rural poor. [29]
Elections in the Roman Republic were an essential part of its governance, with participation only being afforded to Roman citizens. Upper-class interests, centered in the urban political environment of cities , often trumped the concerns of the diverse and disunified lower class; while at times, the people already in power would pre-select ...
The Roman Senate was the most permanent of all of Rome's political institutions. It was probably founded before the first king of Rome ascended the throne. It survived the fall of the Roman Kingdom in the late 5th century BC, the fall of the Roman Republic in 27 BC, and the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD. It was, in contrast to many modern ...
Various lists regarding the political institutions of ancient Rome are presented. [1] Each entry in a list is a link to a separate article. Categories included are: constitutions (5), laws (5), and legislatures (7); state offices (28) and office holders (6 lists); political factions (2 + 1 conflict) and social ranks (8).