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The tropopause is defined as the lowest level at which the lapse rate decreases to 2°C/km or less, provided that the average lapse-rate, between that level and all other higher levels within 2.0 km does not exceed 2°C/km. [1] The tropopause is a first-order discontinuity surface, in which temperature as a function of height varies ...
[[Category:Chart, diagram and graph formatting and function templates]] to the <includeonly> section at the bottom of that page. Otherwise, add <noinclude>[[Category:Chart, diagram and graph formatting and function templates]]</noinclude> to the end of the template code, making sure it starts on the same line as the code's last character.
This template's initial visibility currently defaults to expanded, meaning that it is fully visible. To change this template's initial visibility, the |state= parameter may be used: {{Graph, chart and plot templates | state = collapsed}} will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.
For bar charts and pie charts with midangle this also defines if the text is inside or outside the chart. angle (pie charts only): text angle in degrees or midangle (default) for dynamic angles based on the mid-angle of the pie sector. innerRadius: For pie charts: defines the inner radius to create a doughnut chart.
The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".
In addition to simply slowing the reaction, a change in catalyst resting state over the course of the reaction may result in competing paths or processes. Multiple mechanisms may be present to access the product, in which case the order in catalyst or substrate may change depending on the conditions or point in the reaction.
Completed Tornado Diagram. Tornado diagrams, also called tornado plots, tornado charts or butterfly charts, are a special type of Bar chart, where the data categories are listed vertically instead of the standard horizontal presentation, and the categories are ordered so that the largest bar appears at the top of the chart, the second largest appears second from the top, and so on.
Reaction coordinates are special order parameters that describe the entire pathway from reactants through transition states and on to products. Depending on the application, reaction coordinates may be defined by using chemically intuitive variables like bond lengths, or splitting probabilities (also called committors), or using the ...