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  2. Bragg's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg's_law

    The angles that Bragg's law predicts are still approximately right, but in general there is a lattice of spots which are close to projections of the reciprocal lattice that is at right angles to the direction of the electron beam. (In contrast, Bragg's law predicts that only one or perhaps two would be present, not simultaneously tens to hundreds.)

  3. Scherrer equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherrer_Equation

    The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern.

  4. Miller index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_index

    Note, for Laue–Bragg interferences h k ℓ {\displaystyle hk\ell } lacks any bracketing when designating a reflection Miller indices were introduced in 1839 by the British mineralogist William Hallowes Miller , although an almost identical system ( Weiss parameters ) had already been used by German mineralogist Christian Samuel Weiss since ...

  5. X-ray diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_diffraction

    In 1912–1913, the younger Bragg developed Bragg's law, which connects the scattering with evenly spaced planes within a crystal. [1] [18] [19] [20] The Braggs, father and son, shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work in crystallography.

  6. Rietveld refinement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietveld_refinement

    Establish peak positions: Bragg peak positions are established from Bragg's law using the wavelength and d-spacing for a given unit cell. Determine peak intensity: Intensity depends on the structure factor, and can be calculated from the structural model for individual peaks.

  7. List of optics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optics_equations

    Visulization of flux through differential area and solid angle. As always ^ is the unit normal to the incident surface A, = ^, and ^ is a unit vector in the direction of incident flux on the area element, θ is the angle between them.

  8. Vacancy defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacancy_defect

    In most applications vacancy defects are irrelevant to the intended purpose of a material, as they are either too few or spaced throughout a multi-dimensional space in such a way that force or charge can move around the vacancy [dubious – discuss].

  9. Wide-angle X-ray scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-angle_X-ray_scattering

    In X-ray crystallography, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) or wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) is the analysis of Bragg peaks scattered to wide angles, which (by Bragg's law) are caused by sub-nanometer-sized structures. [1] It is an X-ray-diffraction [2] method and commonly used to determine a range of information about crystalline materials.