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Substituting into the Clapeyron equation =, we can obtain the Clausius–Clapeyron equation [8]: 509 = for low temperatures and pressures, [8]: 509 where is the specific latent heat of the substance. Instead of the specific, corresponding molar values (i.e. L {\\displaystyle L} in kJ/mol and R = 8.31 J/(mol⋅K)) may also be used.
K b, the ebullioscopic constant, which is dependent on the properties of the solvent. It can be calculated as K b = RT b 2 M/ΔH v, where R is the gas constant, and T b is the boiling temperature of the pure solvent [in K], M is the molar mass of the solvent, and ΔH v is the heat of vaporization per mole of the solvent.
The Antoine equation is a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances. The Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The equation was presented in 1888 by the French engineer Louis Charles Antoine (1825–1897). [1]
The coefficients given here correspond to equation 21 in Alduchov and Eskridge (1996). [2] See also discussion of Clausius-Clapeyron approximations used in meteorology and climatology. Tetens equation = (+) T is in °C and P is in kPa The Buck equation.
A tie line from the liquid to the gas at constant pressure would indicate the two compositions of the liquid and gas respectively. [14] A simple example diagram with hypothetical components 1 and 2 in a non-azeotropic mixture is shown at right. The fact that there are two separate curved lines joining the boiling points of the pure components ...
Regardless of the equation format, the heat of formation of a compound at any temperature is ΔH° form at 298.15 K, plus the sum of the heat content parameters of the products minus the sum of the heat content parameters of the reactants. The C p equation is obtained by taking the derivative of the heat content equation.
Enthalpies of melting and boiling for pure elements versus temperatures of transition, demonstrating Trouton's rule. In thermodynamics, Trouton's rule states that the (molar) entropy of vaporization is almost the same value, about 10.5 in nondimesnional units, or 85–88 if expressed in units J/(K·mol), for various kinds of liquids at their boiling points. [1]
It goes on to say, however, that the exact equation is called the Clausius-Clapeyron equation in most texts for engineering thermodynamics and physics. (On the previous page, discussing the exact equation, the book said the exact version was called the Clapeyron equation, but said that it was also known as the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.)