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The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized. Its study affords important information about the religion, traditions and beliefs of the ancient Romans. This legacy is conspicuous in European cultural history in its influence on later juridical and religious vocabulary in Europe, particularly of the Christian Church.
A military tribune (from Latin tribunus militum 'tribune of the soldiers') was an officer of the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the centurion.Young men of Equestrian rank often served as military tribune as a stepping stone to the Senate. [1]
Roman sources used a variety of names to refer to consular tribunes. Livy called them tribuni militum (tribunes of the soldiers) or tribuni militares (military tribunes) consulari potestate (with consular power), but also as tribunes pro consulibus or pro consule, as well as simply tribuni consulares (consular tribunes).
Tribune (Latin: Tribunus) was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome.The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes.For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on the authority of the senate and the annual magistrates, holding the power of ius intercessionis to intervene on behalf of the plebeians, and veto ...
Chrysogonus Waddell identifies seven new melodies, the last four of which are Cistercian creations: Optatis votis omnium, Almi prophet (used today for Aurea lucis), O quam glorifica, Deus tuorum militum, Mysterium ecclesiae, Iesu nostra redemptio and Iam Christus astra, all very expressive and of great emotional intensity. [3]
The sacramentum militare (also as militum or militiae) was the oath taken by soldiers in pledging their loyalty to the consul in the Republican era or later to the emperor. The sacramentum as pertaining to both the law and the military indicates the religious basis for these institutions. The text of the oath was recorded by Vegetius: [8]
Dux (/ d ʌ k s, d ʊ k s /, pl.: ducēs) is Latin for "leader" (from the noun dux, ducis, "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.).During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, dux could refer to anyone who commanded troops, both Roman generals and foreign leaders, but was not a formal military rank.
A lictor (possibly from Latin ligare, meaning 'to bind' [1]) was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium. Roman records describe lictors as having existed since the Roman Kingdom , and may have originated with the Etruscans .