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The first large-scale elaboration of the City Beautiful occurred in Chicago at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.The planning of the exposition was directed by architect Daniel Burnham, who hired architects from the eastern United States, as well as the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to build large-scale Beaux-Arts monuments that were vaguely classical with uniform cornice height.
Charles Mulford Robinson (1869–1917) was a journalist and a writer who became famous as a pioneering urban planning theorist. He has the greatest influence as a missionary for urban beautification. [1]
"Numb" by Linkin Park was the first 2000s video predating YouTube to reach 1 billion views in November 2018. [59] "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen was the first 1970s video (and pre-1990s video) to reach 1 billion views in July 2019. [60] "Sweet Child o' Mine" by Guns N' Roses was the first 1980s video to reach 1 billion views in October 2019. [61]
BioShock Infinite, a 2013 video game. The floating city-state of Columbia was created at the Exposition and toured across the world to promote American exceptionalism. The exposition is a key setting of the novel The City Beautiful by Aden Polydoros. The exposition appears in the travel book by Aleko Konstantinov, To Chicago and Back.
The City Social was a movement that steamed between the commonly known City Practical and City Beautiful movements. It was a movement mainly concerning lay with the economic and social equalities regarding urban issues. [38] Justice is and will always be a key issue in urban design.
The City Beautiful movement was inspired by 19th century European capital cities such as Georges-Eugène Haussmann's Paris or the Vienna Ring Road. [30] An influential figure was Daniel Burnham (1846-1912), who was the chief of construction of the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. [ 30 ]
The city originating as a trading post, transportation by water was important. It was becoming even more important that the port be open, but efficient for all visitors. It also needed to show off some of the city's flair and excitement, which is why in many photographs one sees photos of St. Louis' skyscrapers in the background.
The Bryant Memorial is an example of the legacy of the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago which spurred the City Beautiful movement in New York. The City Beautiful Movement, includes many of New York's grandest public buildings: the New York Public Library, the Customs House at Bowling Green, Pennsylvania Station and Grand Central Station.