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The trivium is the lower division of the seven liberal arts and comprises grammar, logic, and rhetoric. [ 1 ] The trivium is implicit in De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii (" On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury ") by Martianus Capella , but the term was not used until the Carolingian Renaissance , when it was coined in imitation of the ...
Humanists redefined the trivium to place greater emphasis on rhetoric and moral philosophy, while also incorporating history and poetry as essential components of a well-rounded education. This curriculum, known as the studia humanitatis, became the foundation of humanist education and was widely adopted in universities and schools across Europe.
From the time of Plato through the Middle Ages, the quadrivium (plural: quadrivia [2]) was a grouping of four subjects or arts—arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy—that formed a second curricular stage following preparatory work in the trivium, consisting of grammar, logic, and rhetoric.
Greek citizens used oratory to make political and judicial decisions, and to develop and disseminate philosophical ideas. For modern students, it can be difficult to remember that the wide use and availability of written texts is a phenomenon that was just coming into vogue in Classical Greece .
Being between Scylla and Charybdis is an idiom deriving from Greek mythology, which has been associated with the proverbial advice "to choose the lesser of two evils". [1] Several other idioms such as "on the horns of a dilemma", "between the devil and the deep blue sea", and "between a rock and a hard place" express similar meanings. [2]
The Greek influence in Roman culture, and the revival of Greco-Roman artistic styles during the Renaissance caught the imagination of European artists and travellers. [16] Paintings and sculptures alluding to Antipater's list were made, while significant numbers of adventurers travelled to the actual sites to personally witness the wonders.
The Arch of Hadrian (Greek: Αψίδα του Αδριανού, romanized: Apsida tou Adrianou), most commonly known in Greek as Hadrian's Gate (Greek: Πύλη του Αδριανού, romanized: Pyli tou Adrianou), is a monumental gateway resembling—in some respects—a Roman triumphal arch.
The Arkadiko Bridge or Kazarma Bridge is a Mycenaean bridge near the modern road from Tiryns to Epidauros in Argolis on the Peloponnese, Greece. The stone crossing, which is dated to the Greek Bronze Age, is one of the oldest crossable arch bridges still in existence. It is the oldest preserved bridge in Europe. [1] [2]