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1.003 [1] [2] 1.030 [1] [2] g/mL Urobilinogen: 0.2 [2] 1.0 [2] Ehrlich units or mg/dL Free catecholamines, dopamine: 90 [3] 420 [3] μg/d Red blood cells (RBCs) 0 [4] [2] 2 [2] - 3 [4] per High Power Field (HPF) RBC casts: n/a 0 / negative [2] White blood cells (WBCs) 0 [2] 2 [2] pH: 5 [2] 7 [2] (unitless) Protein: 0: trace amounts [2] Glucose ...
If potassium is being lost through the kidneys, urine potassium will likely be high. If urine potassium is low, this suggests a non-renal cause. [7] Urinary calcium (Ca) – per day: 2.5: 6.25: mmol / 24 h: An abnormally high level is called hypercalciuria and an abnormally low rate is called hypocalciuria. 14637-3: 100 [8] 250 [8] mg / 24 ...
Potassium resides mainly inside the cells of the body, so its concentration in the blood can range anywhere from 3.5 mEq/L to 5 mEq/L. [14] The kidneys are responsible for excreting the majority of potassium from the body. [14] This means their function is crucial for maintaining a proper balance of potassium in the blood stream.
The pH of urine normally vary between 4.5 and 8 with the first urine produced in the morning generally being more acidic and the urine produced after meals generally more alkaline. [4] Normal reference values are not provided for urine pH as the variation is too wide and results have to be considered in the context of the other quantifiable ...
Usually the most important unmeasured ion in urine is NH 4 + since it is the most important form of acid excretion by the kidney. [5] Urine NH 4 + is difficult to measure directly, but its excretion is usually accompanied by the anion chloride. A negative urine anion gap can be used as evidence of increased NH 4 + excretion. In a metabolic ...
A typical TTKG in a normal person on a normal diet is 8-9. During hyperkalemia or high potassium intake, more potassium should be excreted in the urine and the TTKG should be above 10. Low levels (<7) during hyperkalemia may indicate mineralocorticoid deficiency, especially if accompanied by hyponatremia and high urine Na.
Trace levels of protein in the urine can be normal, [60] but high levels (proteinuria) can indicate kidney disease. [45] Most cases of proteinuria are caused by increased levels of albumin , [ 61 ] which test strips can detect relatively well; but they are markedly less sensitive to other proteins, such as Bence-Jones protein , [ 62 ] which may ...
Normal potassium levels in humans are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels below 3.5 mmol/L defined as hypokalemia. [1] [2] It is classified as severe when levels are less than 2.5 mmol/L. [1] Low levels may also be suspected based on an electrocardiogram (ECG). [1]
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