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Today in Norway and Sweden, reindeer husbandry is legally protected as an exclusive Sámi livelihood, such that only persons of Sámi descent with a linkage to a reindeer herding family can own, and hence make a living off, reindeer. Presently, about 2,800 people are engaged in reindeer herding in Norway. [10]
The Sámi people (also Saami) are a Native people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses northern parts of Sweden, Norway, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. The traditional Sámi lifestyle, dominated by hunting, fishing and trading, was preserved until the Late Middle Ages , when the modern structures of the ...
The herding area stretches from the border with Finland to the province of Dalarna, covering an area of 226 000 km 2 about 55% of Sweden. [8] Reindeer herding employs about 2,500 people in Sweden and the number of reindeer owners is a total of about 4,600 people. According to figures from 2005, 77% of the country's reindeer are owned by men. [9]
However, reindeer herding has a more prominent economic role in the local communities of the north. Siida s are governed like stock companies, where the reindeer-holders elect a board of directors and a chief executive officer (poroisäntä, 'reindeer master') every three years, voting with as many votes as they have reindeer. [7]
The act was modeled in part on Norwegian and Swedish policies on the ownership of reindeer by the Sami people of Sápmi. Many Sámi had recently arrived in Alaska to manage the reindeer in the 1930s. As a result of the act, Alaskan Sámi were required to sell their herds to the government at $3 per head.
The region stretches over four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.To the north, it is bounded by the Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, and White Sea. [2] [3] Lapland (/ ˈ l æ p l æ n d /) has been a historical term for areas inhabited by the Sami based on the older term "Lapp" for its inhabitants, a term which is now considered outdated or pejorative. [4]
Áilloš, a Sámi actor, composer and folk musician from Norway. [21] Nils Mattias Andersson (1882–1975) was a joiker from Sweden. [22] Angelit is a Finnish Sami folk group which has similarly evolved their joik musical traditions. Mari Boine from Norway is one of the most popular artists of her Sami culture. She blends elements of joik with ...
Reindeer, fish and game meats are staple foods, [3] with thousands of recipes and flavors, although spices other than salt are very rare. The local cuisine varies a lot, depending on access to food. The local cuisine varies a lot, depending on access to food.