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In social exchange theory the effect of ethical leadership on followers is explained by transactional exchanges between the leader and their followers. The leader's fairness and caring for followers activates a reciprocatory process, in which the followers act in the same manner towards the leader.
Social sustainability focuses on issues related to human capital in the business supply chain, such as worker's rights, working conditions, child labor, and human trafficking. [217] Incorporation of these considerations is increasing, as consumers and procurement officials demand documentation of a business's compliance with national and ...
The Human Group by George C. Homans (1950). The Human Side of Enterprise by Douglas McGregor (1960). New Patterns of Management by Rensis Likert (1961). A Behavioral Theory of the Firm by Richard Cyert and James G. March (1963). Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications by Oliver E. Williamson (1975).
Other theories hold that human rights codify moral behavior which is a human social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution (associated with David Hume). Human rights are also described as a sociological pattern of rule setting (as in the sociological theory of law and the work of Max Weber).
Descriptive ethics, also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality. [1] It contrasts with prescriptive or normative ethics, which is the study of ethical theories that prescribe how people ought to act, and with meta-ethics, which is the study of what ethical terms and theories actually refer to.
Executive managers hold executive powers delegated to them with and by authority of a board of directors and/or the shareholders.Generally, higher levels of responsibility exist, such as a board of directors and those who own the company (shareholders), but they focus on managing the senior or executive management instead of on the day-to-day activities of the business.
A 2000 study compared existing econometric studies of the relationship between social and financial performance, concluding that the contradictory results of previous studies reporting positive, negative, and neutral financial impact were due to flawed empirical analysis and claimed when the study is properly specified, CSR has a neutral impact ...
Moral syncretism – the attempt to reconcile disparate or contradictory moral beliefs, often while melding the ethical; practices of various schools of thought. Moral relativism and relativism; Fallibilism – the philosophical principle that human beings could be wrong about their beliefs, expectations, or their understanding of the world