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Some of the most common naturally occurring brain toxins that lead to neurotoxicity as a result of long term drug use are amyloid beta (Aβ), glutamate, dopamine, and oxygen radicals. When present in high concentrations, they can lead to neurotoxicity and death . Some of the symptoms that result from cell death include loss of motor control ...
Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy (CSE) is a condition induced by long-term exposure to organic solvents, often—but not always—in the workplace, that lead to a wide variety of persisting sensorimotor polyneuropathies and neurobehavioral deficits even after solvent exposure has been removed.
Toxic encephalopathy is a neurologic disorder caused by exposure to neurotoxic organic solvents such as toluene, following exposure to heavy metals such as manganese, as a side effect of melarsoprol treatment for African trypanosomiasis, adverse effects to prescription drugs, or exposure to extreme concentrations of any natural toxin such as cyanotoxins found in shellfish or freshwater ...
A simple test for intellectual function, like the Folstein mini–mental state examination, is the minimum screen for dementia. The test requires 15–20 minutes to administer and is available in mental health centers. [8] Diagnosing alcohol-related dementia can be difficult due to the wide range of symptoms and a lack of specific brain ...
Similar to the NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria are the DSM-IV-TR criteria published by the American Psychiatric Association. [3] At the same time the advances in functional neuroimaging techniques such as PET or SPECT that have already proven their utility to differentiate Alzheimer's disease from other possible causes, [4] have led to proposals of revision of the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria that ...
Alcohol-related brain damage [1] [2] alters both the structure and function of the brain as a result of the direct neurotoxic effects of alcohol intoxication or acute alcohol withdrawal. Increased alcohol intake is associated with damage to brain regions including the frontal lobe , [ 3 ] limbic system , and cerebellum , [ 4 ] with widespread ...
Olney's lesions, also known as NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity (NAT), is a form of brain damage consisting of selective death of neurons but not glia, observed in restricted brain regions of rats and certain other animal models exposed to large quantities of psychoactive drugs that inhibit the normal operation of the neuronal NMDA receptor.
The diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and supported by a lithium level blood level. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Blood levels are most useful six to twelve hours after the last dose. [ 2 ] The normal blood serum lithium level in those on treatment is between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L. [ 1 ] Some blood tubes contain lithium heparin which may result in falsely ...
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