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Exposure at default or (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor. [1] [2] Outside of Basel II, the concept is sometimes known as Credit Exposure (CE). It represents the ...
Estimate the risk parameters—probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), exposure at default (EAD), maturity (M)—that are inputs to risk-weight functions designed for each asset class to arrive at the total risk weighted assets (RWA) The regulatory capital for credit risk is then calculated as 8% of the total RWA under Basel II.
Banks can determine their own estimation for some components of risk measure: the probability of default (PD), exposure at default (EAD) and effective maturity (M). The goal is to define risk weights by determining the cut-off points between and within areas of the expected loss (EL) and the unexpected loss (UL), where the regulatory capital ...
The framework replaced both non-internal model approaches: the Current Exposure Method (CEM) and the Standardised Method (SM). It is intended to be a "risk-sensitive methodology", i.e. conscious of asset class and hedging , that differentiates between margined and non-margined trades and recognizes netting benefits ; considerations ...
The key variables for (credit) risk assessment are the probability of default (PD), the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD).The credit conversion factor calculates the amount of a free credit line and other off-balance-sheet transactions (with the exception of derivatives) to an EAD amount [2] and is an integral part in the European banking regulation since the Basel II ...
Banks can determine their own estimation for some components of risk measure: the probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), exposure at default (EAD) and effective maturity (M). For public companies, default probabilities are commonly estimated using either the "structural model" of credit risk proposed by Robert Merton (1974) or ...
These models are both developed internally and supplied by third parties. A similar approach is taken to retail default, using the term "credit score" as a euphemism for the default probability which is the true focus of the lender. Some of the popular statistical methods which have been used to model probability of default are listed below.
Intelligence analysis is the application of individual and collective cognitive methods to weigh data and test hypotheses within a secret socio-cultural context. [1] The descriptions are drawn from what may only be available in the form of deliberately deceptive information; the analyst must correlate the similarities among deceptions and extract a common truth.