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Research has shown that schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder and that genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia is highly multifactorial, caused by the interactions of several genes with environmental risk factors. [2] Twin studies have shown that an identical twin has ~50% risk of also developing the disorder. [14]
[10] [18] Many people with schizophrenia have other mental disorders, especially mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, as well as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). [10] About 0.3% to 0.7% of people are diagnosed with schizophrenia during their lifetime. [19]
Schizophrenia is a debilitating and often misunderstood disorder that affects up to 1% of the world's population. [1] Although schizophrenia is a heavily studied disorder, it has remained largely impervious to scientific understanding; epigenetics offers a new avenue for research, understanding, and treatment.
All four of the sisters developed schizophrenia by the age of 24. [2] There was a history of mental illness in Mr. Genain's family that might have been an example of genetics being linked with mental illness or it may have just been a dysfunctional and abusive family free from a specific genetic component. Mr.
Most psychiatric disorders are highly heritable; the estimated heritability for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism (80% or higher) is much higher than that of diseases like breast cancer and Parkinson disease. [1] Having a close family member affected by a mental illness is the largest known risk factor, to date. [6]
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia involve disturbances in executive functions, working memory impairment, and inability to sustain attention. [1] Given the high numbers of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (nearly 1% of modern-day populations), it is unlikely that the disorder has arisen solely from random mutations. [2]
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. [6] Research illustrates that schizophrenia is hereditary and is more likely to strike those who carry particular genes. [9] It is believed that those who are susceptible to the disorder are affected by something in their environment.