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Number of speakers Cherokee is classified as Critically Endangered by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Cherokee or Tsalagi (Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ, romanized: Tsalagi Gawonihisdi, IPA: [dʒalaˈɡî ɡawónihisˈdî]) is an endangered-to-moribund [a] Iroquoian language [4] and the native language of the Cherokee people.
Pre-contact Distribution of the Cherokee Language. The Cherokee language is the indigenous American Iroquoian language native to the Cherokee people. In 2019, the Tri-Council of Cherokee tribes declared a state of emergency for the language due to the threat of it going extinct, calling for the enhancement of revitalization programs.
The Cherokee syllabary is a syllabary invented by Sequoyah in the late 1810s and early 1820s to write the Cherokee language. His creation of the syllabary is particularly noteworthy as he was illiterate until its creation. [3] He first experimented with logograms, but his system later developed into the syllabary.
A Cherokee-language name for Cherokee people is Aniyvwiya (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ, translating as ' Principal People '). [16] Another endonym is Anigiduwagi (ᎠᏂᎩᏚᏩᎩ, translating as ' People from Kituwah '). [17] Tsalagi Gawonihisdi (ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ) is the Cherokee name for the Cherokee language. [18] [19]
Use of any indigenous language in the government-run Indian boarding schools resulted in some kind of physical punishment. [37] In the late 20th century, there was a revitalization of the Cherokee language with programs, run by three sovereign Cherokee tribes, and online courses. [17]
Cherokee is a polysynthetic verb-heavy nominative–accusative language [citation needed] with a non-productive incorporation system. Verbs may be inflected with a large number of suffixes and prefixes that express a range of properties, including subject and/or object agreement, tense and aspect, and evidentiality.
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The Cherokee are members of the Iroquoian language-family of North American indigenous peoples, and are believed to have migrated in ancient times from the Great Lakes area, where most of such language families were located. The migration is recounted in their oral history.