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  2. Index of coincidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_coincidence

    Sometimes values are reported without the normalizing denominator, for example 0.067 = 1.73/26 for English; such values may be called κ p ("kappa-plaintext") rather than IC, with κ r ("kappa-random") used to denote the denominator 1/c (which is the expected coincidence rate for a uniform distribution of the same alphabet, 0.0385=1/26 for ...

  3. Similarity measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Similarity_measure

    In statistics and related fields, a similarity measure or similarity function or similarity metric is a real-valued function that quantifies the similarity between two objects. Although no single definition of a similarity exists, usually such measures are in some sense the inverse of distance metrics : they take on large values for similar ...

  4. Lookup table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookup_table

    These values can either be hard-wired, as in an ASIC whose purpose is specific to a function, or provided by D latches which allow for configurable values. ( ROM , EPROM , EEPROM , or RAM .) An n -bit LUT can encode any n -input Boolean function by storing the truth table of the function in the LUT.

  5. Structural similarity index measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_similarity...

    In order to evaluate the image quality, this formula is usually applied only on luma, although it may also be applied on color (e.g., RGB) values or chromatic (e.g. YCbCr) values. The resultant SSIM index is a decimal value between -1 and 1, where 1 indicates perfect similarity, 0 indicates no similarity, and -1 indicates perfect anti-correlation.

  6. Row- and column-major order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row-_and_column-major_order

    Support for multi-dimensional arrays may also be provided by external libraries, which may even support arbitrary orderings, where each dimension has a stride value, and row-major or column-major are just two possible resulting interpretations. Row-major order is the default in NumPy [19] (for Python).

  7. Raising and lowering indices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_and_lowering_indices

    This process is called raising the index. Raising and then lowering the same index (or conversely) are inverse operations, which is reflected in the metric and inverse metric tensors being inverse to each other (as is suggested by the terminology): = = =

  8. String-searching algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String-searching_algorithm

    A simple and inefficient way to see where one string occurs inside another is to check at each index, one by one. First, we see if there is a copy of the needle starting at the first character of the haystack; if not, we look to see if there's a copy of the needle starting at the second character of the haystack, and so forth.

  9. Search algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_algorithm

    Specific applications of search algorithms include: Problems in combinatorial optimization, such as: . The vehicle routing problem, a form of shortest path problem; The knapsack problem: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as ...