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The complete interface protocol from the lowest physical elements (e.g., the mating plugs, the electrical signal voltage levels) to the highest logical levels (e.g., the level 7 application layer of the OSI model) would each be documented in the appropriate interface requirements spec and fall under a single ICD for the "system".
Router R1 is a one-armed router carrying out inter-VLAN routing. A router on a stick, also known as a one-armed router, [1] [2] is a router that has a single physical or logical connection to a network. It is a method of inter-VLAN routing where one router is connected to a switch via a single cable. The router has physical connections to the ...
This is known as inter-VLAN routing. On layer-3 switches it is accomplished by the creation of layer-3 interfaces (SVIs). Inter VLAN routing, in other words routing between VLANs, can be achieved using SVIs. [1] SVI or VLAN interface, is a virtual routed interface that connects a VLAN on the device to the Layer 3 router engine on the same device.
1 Router-LSAs Each internal router within an area The link-state ID of the type 1 LSA is the originating router ID. Router-LSAs, describe the following types of interfaces: Point-to-point connection to another router; Connection to a transit network; Connection to a stub network (Reserved in v3) Virtual link; 2 Network-LSAs The DR
Hop-by-hop is the fundamental characteristic of the IP Internet layer [1] and the OSI Network Layer. When a router interface is configured with an IP address and subnet mask, the interface becomes a host on that attached network. A directly connected network is a network that is directly attached to one of the router interfaces.
A router [a] is a computer and networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, including internetworks such as the global Internet. [2] [3] [4] Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks.
[4] The router will usually compare administrative distances to determine which protocol has the lowest value. The router prefers protocols that have a lower assigned administrative distance. For example, OSPF has a default distance of 110, so it is preferred by the router process, over RIP, which has a default distance of 120.
The IS-IS hello packets needs to be exchanged periodically between 2 routers to establish adjacency. Based on the negotiation, one of them will be selected as DIS (Designated IS). This hello packet will be sent separately for Level-1 or Level-2. There are 3 IS-IS hello packets depending on the circuit type - LAN L1 (PDU type 15) LAN L2 (PDU ...