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Because of the history of Dutch colonization, Dutch culture, politics, law, architecture, and language played a formative role in the shaping of New York City culture. The Dutch were the majority in New York City until the early 1700s, and the Dutch language was commonly spoken until the mid to late-1700s. [2]
The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America (2009) excerpt and text search; Kammen, Michael. Colonial New York: A History New York: Oxford University Press, 1975. Kilpatrick, William Heard. The Dutch schools of New Netherland and colonial New York (1912) online; McFarlane, Jim.
The history of New York City (1665–1783) began with the establishment of English rule over Dutch New Amsterdam and New Netherland.As the newly renamed City of New York and surrounding areas developed, there was a growing independent feeling among some, but the area was divided in its loyalties.
The written history of New York City began with the first European explorer, the Italian Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1528. European settlement began with the Dutch in 1608 and New Amsterdam was founded in 1624.
The decline of aristocracy in the politics of New York (1918) online. Ingalls, Robert P. Herbert H. Lehman and New York's Little New Deal (1975) on 1930s online; Kammen, Michael (1996) [1975]. Colonial New York: a History. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-510779-9. Klein, Milton M. (ed.) and the New York State Historical ...
It is believed that there are more than 15,000 skeletal remains of colonial New York's free and enslaved blacks. It is the country's largest and earliest burial ground for African-Americans. [41] This discovery demonstrated the large-scale importance of slavery and African Americans to New York and national history and economy.
The Almanac of New York City (2008) Jaffe, Steven H. New York at War: Four Centuries of Combat, Fear, and Intrigue in Gotham (2012) Excerpt and text search; Lankevich, George J. New York City: A Short History (2002) Lockwood, Charles. Manhattan moves uptown: an illustrated history (Courier, 2014). Munn, Nancy D.
Principal Dutch colonies in North America Flag of the Dutch Colony of New Netherland (now encompassing parts of what are now New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.) The earliest Dutch settlement was built around 1613; it consisted of a number of small huts built by the crew of the Tijger ( Tiger ), a Dutch ship under the command of Captain Adriaen ...