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Producer surplus, or producers' surplus, is the amount that producers benefit by selling at a market price that is higher than the least that they would be willing to sell for; this is roughly equal to profit (since producers are not normally willing to sell at a loss and are normally indifferent to selling at a break-even price).
Then Theorem 2 implies that the agent's equilibrium utility in any mechanism implementing a given choice rule must satisfy the integral condition (4). The integral condition (4) is a key step in the analysis of mechanism design problems with continuous type spaces.
The producer surplus always decreases, but the consumer surplus may or may not increase; however, the decrease in producer surplus must be greater than the increase, if any, in consumer surplus. Deadweight loss can also be a measure of lost economic efficiency when the socially optimal quantity of a good or a service is not produced.
The maximization of producer surplus can in some cases reduce consumer surplus. [15] Some forms of producer profit maximization are considered anti-competitive practices and are regulated by competition law. [15] Maximization of short-term producer profit can reduce long-term producer profit, which can be exploited by predatory pricing such as ...
Surplus economics is the study of economics based upon the concept that economies operate on the basis of the production of a surplus over basic needs.
The surplus-value produced by prolongation of the working day, I call absolute surplus-value. On the other hand, the surplus-value arising from the curtailment of the necessary labour-time, and from the corresponding alteration in the respective lengths of the two components of the working day, I call relative surplus-value.
The formula can be expressed: =, means monopoly price set by firms means the marginal cost of production The Lerner index measures the level of market power and monopoly power that a firm owned.The higher Lerner index indicated the more monopoly power allows a company have chance to establish prices that are higher than their marginal costs and ...
The Ramsey problem, or Ramsey pricing, or Ramsey–Boiteux pricing, is a second-best policy problem concerning what prices a public monopoly should charge for the various products it sells in order to maximize social welfare (the sum of producer and consumer surplus) while earning enough revenue to cover its fixed costs.