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The oxide obtained from the basic carbonate is often most useful for catalysis. Basic nickel carbonate can be made by treating solutions of nickel sulfate with sodium carbonate: 4 Ni 2+ + CO 2− 3 + 6 OH − + 4 H 2 O → Ni 4 CO 3 (OH) 6 (H 2 O) 4. The hydrated carbonate has been prepared by electrolytic oxidation of nickel in the presence of ...
Nickel maleate can be made from maleic acid and nickel carbonate in boiling water. A dihydrate crystallises from the water solution. [11] Nickel fumarate prepared from fumaric acid and nickel carbonate is pale green as a tetrahydrate, and mustard coloured as an anhydride. It decomposes when heated to 300° to 340° in vacuum.
Nickel hydroxides are used in nickel–cadmium and Nickel–metal hydride batteries. Nickel(II) hydroxide Ni(OH) 2, the main hydroxide of nickel is coloured apple green. It is known as the mineral theophrastite. β-NiO(OH) is a black powder with nickel in the +3 oxidation state.
Zaratite is a bright emerald green nickel carbonate mineral with formula Ni 3 CO 3 (OH) 4 ·4H 2 O. Zaratite crystallizes in the isometric crystal system as massive to mammillary encrustations and vein fillings. It has a specific gravity of 2.6 and a Mohs hardness of 3 to 3.5.
Hellyerite, NiCO 3 ·6(H 2 O), is an hydrated nickel carbonate mineral. It is light blue to bright green in colour, has a hardness of 2.5, a vitreous luster, a white streak and crystallises in the monoclinic system. The crystal habit is as platy and mammillary encrustations on its matrix. It is a pentahydrate according to X-ray crystallography.
The use of strong acids succeeded in preparing gold carbonyl cations such as [Au(CO) 2] +, which is used as a catalyst for the carbonylation of alkenes. [48] The cationic platinum carbonyl complex [Pt(CO) 4 ] 2+ can be prepared by working in so-called superacids such as antimony pentafluoride . [ 49 ]
Nickel is preeminently an alloy metal, and its chief use is in nickel steels and nickel cast irons, in which it typically increases the tensile strength, toughness, and elastic limit. It is widely used in many other alloys, including nickel brasses and bronzes and alloys with copper, chromium, aluminium, lead, cobalt, silver, and gold ( Inconel ...
The main fuel used by the body during exercise is carbohydrates, which is stored in muscle as glycogen – a form of sugar. During exercise, muscle glycogen reserves can be used up, especially when activities last longer than 90 min. [161]