Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
For example, one can exert a kind of "torque" on an electron by putting it in a magnetic field (the field acts upon the electron's intrinsic magnetic dipole moment—see the following section). The result is that the spin vector undergoes precession, just like a classical gyroscope. This phenomenon is known as electron spin resonance (ESR).
During the period between 1916 and 1925, much progress was being made concerning the arrangement of electrons in the periodic table.In order to explain the Zeeman effect in the Bohr atom, Sommerfeld proposed that electrons would be based on three 'quantum numbers', n, k, and m, that described the size of the orbit, the shape of the orbit, and the direction in which the orbit was pointing. [10]
The spin magnetic moment of the electron is =, where is the spin (or intrinsic angular-momentum) vector, is the Bohr magneton, and = is the electron-spin g-factor. Here μ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\mu }}} is a negative constant multiplied by the spin , so the spin magnetic moment is antiparallel to the spin.
The spinning electron model here is analogous to a gyroscope. For any rotating body the rate of change of the angular momentum equals the applied torque : =. Note as an example the precession of a gyroscope. The earth's gravitational attraction applies a force or torque to the gyroscope in the vertical direction, and the angular momentum vector ...
The general form of wavefunction for a system of particles, each with position r i and z-component of spin s z i. Sums are over the discrete variable s z , integrals over continuous positions r . For clarity and brevity, the coordinates are collected into tuples, the indices label the particles (which cannot be done physically, but is ...
where the spin exchange cross section for alkali metals such as K, Rb, and Cs is [3] σ s e = 2 × 10 − 14 c m 2 {\displaystyle \sigma _{se}=2\times 10^{-14}\ \mathrm {cm} ^{2}} and where n {\displaystyle n} is the vapor density and v ¯ r e l {\displaystyle {\bar {v}}_{rel}} is the average relative velocity given by the Maxwell–Boltzmann ...
Spin is the fundamental property that distinguishes the two types of elementary particles: fermions, with half-integer spins; and bosons, with integer spins. Photons, which are the quanta of light, have been long recognized as spin-1 gauge bosons. The polarization of the light is commonly accepted as its “intrinsic” spin degree of freedom ...
[6] [7] The research states that by firing a beam of X-ray photons at a single electron in a one-dimensional sample of strontium cuprate, this will excite the electron to a higher orbital, causing the beam to lose a fraction of its energy in the process. In doing so, the electron will be separated into a spinon and an orbiton.