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Since there are 6.02214076 × 10 23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions etc.) per mole, 1 joule per mole is equal to 1 joule multiplied by 6.02214076 × 10 23 particles. Because of the typical order of magnitude for energy changes in chemical processes, kJ·mol −1 is normally used instead of J·mol −1 .
If a first body of mass m A is placed at a distance r (center of mass to center of mass) from a second body of mass m B, each body is subject to an attractive force F g = Gm A m B /r 2, where G = 6.67 × 10 −11 N⋅kg −2 ⋅m 2 is the "universal gravitational constant". This is sometimes referred to as gravitational mass.