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The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican City (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Citta di Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri; Italian: Basilica di San Pietro [baˈziːlika di sam ˈpjɛːtro]), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy.
The origins of the Vatican Grottoes date back to the 16th century, specifically around 1590–1591, when they were constructed to support the floor of the Renaissance-era St. Peter's Basilica. The initial concept was proposed by architect Antonio da Sangallo the Younger to Pope Leo X following Raphael 's death in 1520.
To the left of the entrance formerly stood the papal throne, which is now at the opposite side before the door leading to the Pauline Chapel. [1] Map of the Apostolic Palace: 1-St.Peter's basilica 2-Sistine Chapel 3-Sala Regia 4,4b-Scala Regia 5-Pauline Chapel 6-Sala Ducale 7-Corridor of Bernini 8-St.Peter's Square 9-St.Peter's vestibule.
A few days later, he presided at the opening of the Holy Door at the Archbasilica of St John Lateran. The Holy Door at St Paul's Outside the Walls was opened by the Archpriest of that Basilica, Cardinal James Harvey. Pope Francis later opened the Holy Door at St Mary Major and at the Caritas center near Rome's central train station. [13]
Just beside it, at at 7 p.m. Rome time, Pope Francis opened the Holy Door, or Porta Santa, symbolizing the path to salvation, and entered to begin the traditional midnight Mass at St. Peter's.
Scala Regia. Scala Regia [a] is a flight of steps in the Vatican City and is part of the formal entrance to the Vatican. It was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.. The official entrance to the Apostolic Palace is the Portone di Bronzo at the north side of St Peter's Square.
The obelisk and its base contain a number of inscriptions. Two ancient inscriptions at the base of the shaft describe its original dedication in Rome, four inscriptions on the pedestal composed by Cardinal Silvio Antoniano describe its rededication in 1586, and lower down, in smaller script, is an acknowledgement of Domenico Fontana's role in the moving of the obelisk.
Beginning in the early 4th century AD, construction began on the Old St. Peter's Basilica [10] over a cemetery that is the traditional site of St. Peter's tomb. Around this time, the name Vaticanus Mons was established in its modern usage, and the Janiculum hill was distinguished from it as the Ianiculensis Mons .