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Then n = AB is composite, and is a pseudoprime to base a. [3] [4] For example, if a = 2 and p = 5, then A = 31, B = 11, and n = 341 is a pseudoprime to base 2. In fact, there are infinitely many strong pseudoprimes to any base greater than 1 (see Theorem 1 of [5]) and infinitely many Carmichael numbers, [6] but they are comparatively rare.
Negative base numeral system (base −3) Quaternary numeral system (base 4) Quater-imaginary base (base 2 √ −1) Quinary numeral system (base 5) Pentadic numerals – Runic notation for presenting numbers; Senary numeral system (base 6) Septenary numeral system (base 7) Octal numeral system (base 8) Nonary (novenary) numeral system (base 9 ...
A composite number n is a strong pseudoprime to at most one quarter of all bases below n; [3] [4] thus, there are no "strong Carmichael numbers", numbers that are strong pseudoprimes to all bases. Thus given a random base, the probability that a number is a strong pseudoprime to that base is less than 1/4, forming the basis of the widely used ...
An atom (or ion) whose oxidation number increases in a redox reaction is said to be oxidized (and is called a reducing agent). It is accomplished by loss of one or more electrons. The atom whose oxidation number decreases gains (receives) one or more electrons and is said to be reduced. This relation can be remembered by the following mnemonics.
This is the minimum number of characters needed to encode a 32 bit number into 5 printable characters in a process similar to MIME-64 encoding, since 85 5 is only slightly bigger than 2 32. Such method is 6.7% more efficient than MIME-64 which encodes a 24 bit number into 4 printable characters.
dingn.com Training and recall of 1 digit to 4 digits numbers, vocabulary cards and a deck of shuffled playing cards with personalized favorite word selection for each number. LOC Serendipity A quiz to learn the sound/number correspondences of the Major system by rote. Also available are quizzes to learn the top 100 adjective and noun ...
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In number theory, Kaprekar's routine is an iterative algorithm named after its inventor, Indian mathematician D. R. Kaprekar. [1] [2] Each iteration starts with a number, sorts the digits into descending and ascending order, and calculates the difference between the two new numbers. As an example, starting with the number 8991 in base 10: