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The most direct method of calculating a modular exponent is to calculate b e directly, then to take this number modulo m.Consider trying to compute c, given b = 4, e = 13, and m = 497:
Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares is strongly related with the theory of Gaussian primes.. A Gaussian integer is a complex number + such that a and b are integers. The norm (+) = + of a Gaussian integer is an integer equal to the square of the absolute value of the Gaussian integer.
In mathematical formulas, the ± symbol may be used to indicate a symbol that may be replaced by either of the plus and minus signs, + or −, allowing the formula to represent two values or two equations. [2] If x 2 = 9, one may give the solution as x = ±3. This indicates that the equation has two solutions: x = +3 and x = −3.
In Unicode, two encodings are available: U+061F ؟ ARABIC QUESTION MARK (with bi-directional code AL: Right-to-Left Arabic) and U+2E2E ⸮ REVERSED QUESTION MARK (with bi-directional code Other Neutrals). Some browsers may display the character in the previous sentence as a forward question mark due to font or text directionality issues.
The "two-fingered salute" (also "the forks" in Australia [11]) is commonly performed by flicking the V upwards from wrist or elbow. The V sign, when the palm is facing toward the person giving the sign, has long been an insulting gesture in the United Kingdom, and later in Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. [2]
The base-2 numeral system is a positional notation with a radix of 2.Each digit is referred to as a bit, or binary digit.Because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices, as a preferred system of use, over various other human techniques of communication, because ...
It was also used to mark Roman numerals whose values are multiplied by 1,000. [2] Today, however, the common usage of a vinculum to indicate the repetend of a repeating decimal [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is a significant exception and reflects the original usage.
The punt volat ("flying point") is used in Catalan between two Ls in cases where each belongs to a separate syllable, for example cel·la, "cell". This distinguishes such " geminate Ls" ( ela geminada ), which are pronounced [ ɫ ː ] , from "double L" ( doble ela ), which are written without the flying point and are pronounced [ ʎ ] .