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The horn (Vietnamese: dấu móc or dấu râu) is a diacritic mark attached to the top right corner of the letters o and u in the Vietnamese alphabet to give ơ and ư, unrounded variants of the vowel represented by the basic letter.
The most common superscript digits (1, 2, and 3) were included in ISO-8859-1 and were therefore carried over into those code points in the Latin-1 range of Unicode. The remainder were placed along with basic arithmetical symbols, and later some Latin subscripts, in a dedicated block at U+2070 to U+209F.
The most direct method of calculating a modular exponent is to calculate b e directly, then to take this number modulo m.Consider trying to compute c, given b = 4, e = 13, and m = 497:
In mathematical formulas, the ± symbol may be used to indicate a symbol that may be replaced by either of the plus and minus signs, + or −, allowing the formula to represent two values or two equations. [2] If x 2 = 9, one may give the solution as x = ±3. This indicates that the equation has two solutions: x = +3 and x = −3.
In typography, some other variants and combinations are available: "⁇," "⁈," and "⁉," are usually used for chess annotation symbols; the interrobang, "‽," is used to combine the functions of the question mark [34] and the exclamation mark, superposing these two marks. Unicode makes available these variants: U+2047 ⁇ DOUBLE QUESTION MARK
It was also used to mark Roman numerals whose values are multiplied by 1,000. [2] Today, however, the common usage of a vinculum to indicate the repetend of a repeating decimal [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is a significant exception and reflects the original usage.
Its use was advocated by laws and can still be found in some UK-based academic journals such as The Lancet. [2] When the pound sterling was decimalised in 1971, the official advice issued was to write decimal amounts with a raised point (for example, £21·48 ) and to use a decimal point "on the line" only when typesetting constraints made it ...
The set of integers modulo 2 has just two elements; the addition operation it inherits is known in Boolean logic as the "exclusive or" function. A similar "wrap around" operation arises in geometry , where the sum of two angle measures is often taken to be their sum as real numbers modulo 2π.