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Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bode's Galaxy) is a grand design spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. It has a D 25 isophotal diameter of 29.44 kiloparsecs (96,000 light-years ).
This is a list of known galaxies within 3.8 megaparsecs (12.4 million light-years) of the Solar System, in ascending order of heliocentric distance, or the distance to the Sun. This encompasses about 50 major Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups , the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group , and some ...
seen from 1 AU away would be over 2 × 10 16 (20 quadrillion) times as bright as the Sun when seen from the Earth −43.27 star NGC 2403 V14: seen from 1 AU away −41.82 star NGC 2363-V1: seen from 1 AU away −41.39 star Cygnus OB2-12: seen from 1 AU away −40.67 star M33-013406.63: seen from 1 AU away −40.17 star η Carinae A seen from 1 ...
The M81 Group is a galaxy group in the constellations Ursa Major and Camelopardalis that includes the galaxies Messier 81 and Messier 82, as well as several other galaxies with high apparent brightnesses. [1] The approximate center of the group is located at a distance of 3.6 Mpc, making it one of the nearest groups to the Local Group. [1]
The cosmic distance ladder (also known as the extragalactic distance scale) is the succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects. A direct distance measurement of an astronomical object is possible only for those objects that are "close enough" (within about a thousand parsecs ) to Earth.
[c] The galaxy can be observed using a small telescope with a 6 cm (2.4 in) aperture, extending across an angular area of 7.2 × 6.8 arcminutes at a surface brightness of 12.9, with a very bright, 45 arcsecond core. [8] Viewing the jet is a challenge without the aid of photography. [38]
18 Tm – 123.5 AU – distance between the Sun to the farthest dwarf planet in the Solar System, the Farout 2018 VG18; 20.0 Tm – 135 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of May 2016; 20.6 Tm – 138 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of late February 2017; 21.1 Tm – 141 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of November 2017
Thus in 1856 Norman Pogson of Oxford proposed that a logarithmic scale of 5 √ 100 ≈ 2.512 be adopted between magnitudes, so five magnitude steps corresponded precisely to a factor of 100 in brightness. [8] [9] Every interval of one magnitude equates to a variation in brightness of 5 √ 100 or roughly 2.512 times.