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John Maynard Smith (1920–2004), British evolutionary biologist and population geneticist; Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), German-born American evolutionary biologist; Phyllis McAlpine (1941–1998), Canadian human geneticist and gene mapper; Maclyn McCarty (1911–2005), US co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material
The idea of evolution by natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, but evolutionary biology, as an academic discipline in its own right, emerged during the period of the modern synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s. [19] It was not until the 1980s that many universities had departments of evolutionary biology.
Although evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins defended Wilson during the so-called "sociobiology debate", [34] a disagreement between them arose over the theory of evolution. [9] [35] The disagreement began in 2012 when Dawkins wrote a critical review of Wilson's book The Social Conquest of Earth in Prospect Magazine. [9]
The struggle between evolutionary biologists and molecular biologists—with each group holding up their discipline as the center of biology as a whole—was later dubbed the "molecular wars" by Edward O. Wilson, who experienced firsthand the domination of his biology department by young molecular biologists in the late 1950s and the 1960s.
Richard Charles Lewontin (March 29, 1929 – July 4, 2021 [3]) was an American evolutionary biologist, mathematician, geneticist, and social commentator.A leader in developing the mathematical basis of population genetics and evolutionary theory, he applied techniques from molecular biology, such as gel electrophoresis, to questions of genetic variation and evolution.
Sean B. Carroll (born September 17, 1960) is an American evolutionary developmental biologist, author, educator and executive producer.He is a distinguished university professor at the University of Maryland and professor emeritus of molecular biology and genetics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) [3] is a British evolutionary biologist, zoologist, science communicator, and author, born in Africa. [4] He is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford, and was Professor for Public Understanding of Science in the University of Oxford from 1995 to 2008.
Brian Hall traces the roots of evolutionary developmental biology in his 2012 paper on its past present and future. He begins with Darwinian evolution and Mendel's genetics, noting the tendency of the followers of both men in the early 20th century to follow separate paths and to set aside and ignore apparently inexplicable problems. [5]