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It is a general rule to expand the maxilla to a point where the lingual cusp of maxillary molar teeth touch the buccal cusp of mandibular molar teeth. Studies done decades ago by Krebs [ 14 ] (1964), Stockfisch [ 15 ] (1969) and Linder Aronson [ 16 ] (1979) showed that about one-third to one-half of the expansion was lost before the expansion ...
Tissue supported expanders allow the forces to be applied directly to the tissues of palatal mucosa instead of teeth. The most common type of tissue-borne expander is known as the Haas Appliance. This appliance was popularized by Andrew Haas in 1961. This appliance involves bands placed on maxillary first premolar and first molars on each side.
The upper teeth are denoted I 1, I 2, C −, Pm 3, Pm 4, M 1, M 2, and M 3. Left or right has to be specified. The lower teeth are I 1, I 2, C −, Pm 3, Pm 4, M 1, M 2, and M 3. The reason the premolars are labeled 3 and 4 is that in earlier primates there were two other premolars between them and the canines. [5]
FDI Notation, teeth's quadrants FDI World Dental Federation notation (also "FDI notation" or "ISO 3950 notation") is the world's most commonly used dental notation (tooth numbering system). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is designated by the International Organization for Standardization as standard ISO 3950 "Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and ...
Double teeth can cause other dental problems such as crowding, ectopic eruption of adjacent teeth, gum issues, cavities, malocclusion, poor esthetics, and more. [1] Treatment depends on whether the tooth is a primary or permanent tooth, the degree of fusion, and its functional & esthetic impact.
Macrodontia is not a lethal disease, rather, it is a disorder which affects the physical appearance of the teeth and can have implications with the surrounding teeth, thereby affecting the overall positioning of the teeth, jaw pain, and other crowding issues resulting in future misalignment.
The mandibular (lower) teeth and their associated periodontal ligament are innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular division. This nerve runs inside the mandible, within the inferior alveolar canal below the mandibular teeth, giving off branches to all the lower teeth ( inferior dental plexus ).
The most acknowledged theory for supernumerary teeth is hyperactivity of dental lamina. [6] On completion of the dentition, the dental lamina is usually destroyed and reabsorbed, but when remnants fail to resorb, it can continue to proliferate abnormally. This abnormal proliferation can form the extra tooth bud leading to supernumerary teeth ...